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THE
EVOLUTION OF THE
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
We are about to look at one, if not the most controversial problem of the
last century, that of Evolution.
Did the universe and all that in it come into being as a result of chance?
Did it all begin with a big bang,
when nothing became something and was unable to contain itself? Has it taken
billions of years for the
universe to evolve into its present condition? Has man developed from a
lower life form? However let me
first define the term "evolution" as I will be using it. Darwin used the
term on a grand scale, and so will I.
His concept of evolution proposed that all of life has come from a common
ancestor. Thus over time, basic
forms of life altered into other, totally different forms of life.
The brief before us is to take a careful look at the subject as it has
itself evolved.
Now it is important for us to realise that most evolutionist insist that
evolution is a matter of science, yet
the reality is most evolutionists have not become evolutionists because of
science, but because of some
spiritual, moral, or non-scientific problem, and furthermore, it was
basically men who lacked scientific
ability who invented basic evolutionary theory. Today we are still saddled
with the armchair speculations
they dreamed up, what we have is the story of how dreamers took over Western
science.
There is a biblical explanation for this in Revelation 12.9, where the devil
is described as he "which
deceiveth the whole world". It is he who brought mankind to the point where
he "changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the
creature more than the Creator" (Romans 1.25). The
deceiver caused creation to be changed into evolution, a lie used to bring
the world into thinking that it
can exist without God.
The concept behind this is very simple, and it is of religious
significance, because basically it is yet
another human attempt to get rid of God and this time he is attempting to do
so by indoctrinating people
with a new anti-god religion called evolution. To dispose of God man must
first explain away creation. 2
Corinthians 4.3-4 explains the present situation. Says the apostle “If our
gospel be hid, it is hid to them
that are lost: in whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them
which believe not, lest the
light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should
"shine unto them.” The result is
that, the whole world has gone after evolution instead of creation. It is
the process of deception, in fact
evolution is better described as an anti-god religion rather than a science.
EVOLUTIONISM IS AS WE HAVE SAID ESSENTIALLY A RELIGION
Many will find it difficult to grasp this, but the truth is evolution is
just as much a religion, indeed false
religion as such cults as Scientology, Mormonism and the like, and as with
all false religions the instigator
behind them is Satan, but the facts speak for themselves. Evolutionists
generally insist that evolution is a
proved fact of science, providing the very framework of scientific
interpretation, especially in the
biological sciences. This is nothing but wishful thinking. Evolution is not
even a scientific hypothesis,
since there is no conceivable way in which it can be tested.
Many leading evolutionists have recognized its essential "religious"
character. Even though they
themselves believe evolution to be true, they acknowledge the fact that they
believe it! "Science", is not
supposed to be something one "believes." Science is knowledge that which can
be demonstrated and
observed and repeated. Evolution cannot be proved, or even tested; it can
only be believed.
For example, leading evolutionaries have described modern neo-Darwinism
as "part of an evolutionary
dogma accepted by most of us as part of our training." A prominent British
biologist, a Fellow of the
Royal Society, has stated that "belief in the theory of evolution" was
"exactly parallel to belief in special
creation," with evolution merely "a satisfactory faith on which to base our
interpretation of nature."A leading evolutionary geneticist of the present day, writing an obituary
for Theodosius Dobzhansky,
who himself was a leading evolutionist at the time of his death in 1975,
says that Dobzhansky's view of
evolution followed that of the notorious Jesuit priest, de Chardin:
H.S. Lipson, a leading British physicist, has reached this “ … evolution
became in a sense a scientific
religion; almost all scientists have accepted it and many are prepared to
'bend' their observations to fit in
with it. We are going to take a very brief look into the background and see
just where Darwin and others got their
ideas.
WHO DID START EVOLUTION?
Darwin did not actually originate the theory. He came along at just the
right time in history, when it would
be widely accepted. The fact his grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was also an
evolutionist who taught
virtually every evidence for evolution that is taught today. Another fact is
that there were a number of
men who advocated the theory of natural selection before Darwin.
There were also spiritual forces involved in Darwin's espousal of evolution,
and while this element is far
from being clear-cut, we should at least consider it. At the very time that
Darwin was thinking through his
ideas, spiritism was reviving and gaining ground.
One of the great problems facing the evolutionist was how to succeed in
inventing a logical theory that
everything in the universe made itself without getting laughed out of court.
They adopted the Chinese
Water Torture method; they kept at it, dripping away until they had won
enough people to their side.
BEFORE THE 20TH CENTURY
In the centuries leading up to the 20th century, thinking men sought to
understand our world and the
universe. These were men of brilliant intellect, in most instances; they
came to the conclusion, based on
the evidences of nature that God made everything. Included in this body of
men, were the leading
scientists of their time, the men who laid the foundations of modern
science.
There were however those who did or would not accept the Word of God as
being the final authority on
the matter of creation and nature in general. Rudimentary ideas that my be
construed as evolutionary
thought date back as far as the 6th century BC and a man by the name of
Anaximander, he thought that
heat and cold gave rise to water, obviously having observed the action of
condensation. This in turn he
reasoned produced, earth, fire and air. This lead to the idea that the earth
was condensed out of water,
thus forming a mud out of which animal and plant life arose. He also
formulated the “Continuous Creation
Theory” an idea recently proposed by Prof Fred Hoyle.
The idea never caught on, because most who sought an alternative to biblical
creation opted for the
theory of “Spontaneous Generation”, the idea being that inert matter was
able to spontaneously generate
life. This theory was accepted in many circles until Lousis Pastuer
disproved it. On the other hand, those
who ridiculed the idea tended to be those who were not of a true scientific
bent and were unwilling or
even incapable to carry out in-depth research. One such man was:
1700 - 1900
Georges Louis Comte de Buffon (1707-1788). He was unable to accomplish
anything useful, so he
occupied himself with ridiculing belief in God, speculating that species
originated from one another, and
that the earth was torn out of the sun. In contrast to him and living at
about the same time was
LAMARKISM: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829). He was an immoral man having a
number of wives
along with as many mistresses. He and was financially poor most of his life.
However science remembers
him for his theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, that is the
idea that if you lose a leg, your son
will not have one either, hence the term “Lamarkism”, such was the level
that some sun to.
ZOONOMIA: Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802) had the desire common the many and that
was to become
famous, the problem was he had not accomplished anything worthwhile. The
fame he sought came with
the publication of so he wrote a book, Zoonomia this was book liked by the
Liberals and which favoured
Lamarckism and evolutionism, however his greater fame came later because he
was the grandfather of
Charles Darwin.
UNIFORMITARIANISM: The theory of evolution was gaining ground, the steady
drip, drip, drip was
having its effect. A major step in the process came with the introduction of
the theory called
“uniformitarianism”. The man who invented this idea was a Scottish geologist
James Hutton, he decided
that the various layers of strata, were caused, not by a Universal Flood,
but as a result of millions of years
of peaceful deposition as leaves fell and turned into soil. It is this
theory that has been given the motto
“The present is the key to the past”.
THE NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS: Robert Chambers (1802-1883), another Scot wrote one
of the first popular
evolution books, Vestiges of Natural History. His theory was that species
originated from one another.
Among those who were strongly influenced by Chamber's book were three
spiritualists: Immanuel
Swedenborg who, in 1734, first developed the "nebular hypothesis," that all
stars and planets swirled out
of gas, Alfred Wallace, and Charles Darwin. Now we must remember that
Spiritualists hold communication
with spirits. Here then we find the spiritualist link.
Along with Charles Darwin we have Charles Lyell, both were very influential,
but neither had any
scientific training, yet their theories have both appealed to and affected
the vast majority of people today.
Lyell speculated about the past, and when facts did not fit in with these
speculations, he excused it by
claiming that the discrepancies were due to “imperfections in the geological
record”. He published a three volume work entitled, Principles of Geology.
Alfred Wallace (1823-1913) the spiritualist we mentioned a moment ago. While
suffering with a fever in
Southeast Asia, the phrase, "survival of the fittest," came to mind as the
cause of evolution. He wrote
back to England, saying that the idea came as an inspiration to him, and
that it must be the cause of
evolution. But survival is not evolution! If you survive 70 years till you
die, did you evolve? When
Wallace wrote home about the idea, it was taken by Charles Darwin, who
published it as his own. In 1875,
Wallace openly declared himself for spiritualism and Marxism.
DARWINISM: Charles Darwin, Whilst at College Charles Darwin took a course on
religion, however he
did not have a great interest in the subject; and, through wealthy
connections, was assigned as a "naturalist" on the ship, Beagle, which travelled around the world. Darwin
visited many places, but it was
at the Galapagos Islands that he found the "evidence" for his theory of
evolution. On that island he found
a dozen and a half finches. Although they were all clearly of the same
species, some had longer bills than
others. This convinced him that evolution was possible. But, as far as those
finches were concerned, it
had not occurred.
Arriving back home, Darwin married and settled in a country home, with a
lifetime hereditary income. He
raised pigeons and tried to make new species, but without success. He
measured different things with
tools you would find in a nearby store, wrote letters, and thought and
thought. He told people that,
according to his theory, within a century the whites would crush out all the
inferior races. He was excited
when he heard that a "cat had its tail cut off, at Shrewsbury, and its
kittens had all short tails." This
dreamy collection of hopes he wanted to put into a book; but, for years, he
was too indolent to do it. Then
he heard a rival might publish something similar, so he determined to put
his ideas in print first.
Charles Darwin had the same ambition as his grandfather, the desire for
fame, wanted to become famous
and like his grandfather he also wrote Origin of the Species, but he never
devised a way that the species
could originate. The best he could do was wish it might have happened.
Darwin was not a professional
scientist, a rank amateur, and one doing poorer quality work than most in
his time. He never had a day of
schooling in the sciences.
It is known that, in South America, Darwin witnessed witch doctor seances.
Some students of Darwin's
life say that, at that time, devils obtained control of his mind as he was
initiated Darwin into witchcraft. He
took part in their ceremonies and, as a result, something happened to him.
Whatever happened when he
returned to England, he lived only to deny the facts, the natural world,
which points to the Creator, he was
the man who, almost single-handed, won over the leaders of British science
to the new theory, yet, all the
while he had "awful misgivings."
The claim that his book, “The Origin of Species” was a complete sell out on
the first day of publication is
at best an exaggeration and at worse a lie. The truth is only 1250 books
were printed and it was fully
subscribed to prior to the publication date, the idea that crowds of people
gathered to but a copy is a false
picture.
DARWIN'S SICKNESS:
Having introduced something about Darwin’s past, it is of some importance
that we take a look at the
sickness that plagued him for 36 years, it was a mysterious illness, one
that gradually debilitated him. In
1959, a physician and psychiatrist began researching the matter in 1977 he
published his report, he
became one of the leading experts in “Darwinia”.
Why Darwin was sick for decades?
The first thing we must mention is that, Darwin found no evidence of
evolution on his celebrated voyage,
we learn however that during this voyage he was fit and healthy during
throughout. Why then did he
later become a partial invalid? A sickness that remained with him the
remainder of his life. Darwin’s illness
was complex as he seemed to have a variety of physical symptoms.
BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM:
A few years after returning to England from his five-year voyage of
exploration the illness struck, Doctors
were baffled; as they could find neither cause nor cure. Indeed, there are
oddities about Darwin’s illness
including strange thoughts and phobia, for example, he did not like to think
about the human eye because
it disturbed him and the sight of a peacock's feather made him sick. Why
would those thoughts and sights
so deeply disturb him? Because he knew, deep down, that he was on the wrong
track in his theories. He
also wept frequently over a letter his wife gave him early in their
marriage. In 1839. Darwin married his first
cousin Emma Wedgwook, whose traditional religious beliefs were opposed to
his unorthodox inquiries
into the origin of species. Soon after their marriage, she wrote him a
letter, begging him to reconsider
challenging the Bible's account of Creation, lest they be separated for
eternity in the hereafter. All his life
he cherished her touching letter, “many times” he said” I have kissed and
cried over this”, but remained
committed to his career.
Why would Darwin weep over that letter, if he did not believe what it said?
He wept over it and repeatedly
during his life, because it was telling him something he believed, yet
emotionally did not want to accept.
For the same reason it made him feel sick when he thought of evidences for
Creation which were
unanswerable, such as the complex structure of the eye or the orderly
pattern of a peacock’s feather.
Those evidences make him feel sick, for he knew his ideas were untrue.
THE TERROR DEEPENS:
Added to these things were inexpilicable feelings of terror, of great fear
just as if he was awaiting some
terrible retribution for what he was doing to convince the Western World of
an error without evidence, he
dreamt of being beheaded or hanged; he thought a belief that went so
contrary to biblical authority was
`like confessing a murder, yet an error which was to hurt many others as it
was going to hurt him. Darwin
suffered from extreme anxieties as he developed his theories, in fact these
may be traced the beginning of
Darwin’s work, to his first work on evolutionary theory. From the very
first, his wife Emma worried
whether his scientific investigations were going to cost him his soul. Some
have suggested that Darwin
got Chagas disease in South America, but the symptoms do not match. Darwin's
problem was caused by
an intense conflict in his mind. The evidence clearly pointed him in one
direction, but he obstinately
chose to go in another.
Darwin was not the only one with such a “health problem”; others experienced
it also. For example, Hugh
Miller (1802-1856) started out as a Christian, but was talked into error by
associates. He published several
books on geology and sedimentary strata; and, in his last (Testimony of the
Rocks), he publicly switched
over to the millions of years theory. Except for partial silicosis, he had
always been in good health. While
writing his book, he suffered from horrible dreams and visions, awakening
convinced he had wandered
the streets all night. (At such times, he insisted on checking his clothing
for mud stains, but none were
found.) He often wrote all night and day, with a knife and gun at his side
to repel imagined burglars or
intruders. There were searing headaches; He thought his brain was burning
out.
DARWIN'S CAMPAIGN TO SELL AN IMPOSSIBLE THEORY
When Darwin first met Thomas Huxley, later to become his great friend and
champion, Darwin was
examining some of his specimens at a laboratory table in the British Museum.
`Isn't it striking,' young
Huxley remarked, `what clear boundaries there are between natural groups
with no transitional forms?'
Glancing up from the tray of preserved specimens, Darwin quietly replied,
`Such is not altogether my
view.' Huxley later recalled that `the humorous smile which accompanied his
gentle answer long haunted
and puzzled me.' Huxley should have fled on the spot from that strange smile
instead of becoming
captivated by the spirit that dominated Darwin. The evidence was lacking,
but Darwin promoted his
theory anyway, convincing men like T.H. Huxley, who would not otherwise have
swung over to the
evolutionary view.
After the voyage, Darwin went after the most influential in England's
scientific community, a
personal campaign to convince about the top men in natural history of the
truth of evolution, among them
was Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker. He even picked and targeted them and
kept running lists of who
were still `unconverted.' If these colleagues could be won, he thought, my
theory will be safe .Yet Darwin,
of them all, had known the other side very well he knew the thruth. In his
own youth, he had read William
Paley's Natural Theology, parts of which he knew by heart, and was attracted
to the idea of studying
God's designs in nature. What happened that made the difference?
HE DELIBERATELY CHOSE HIS COURSE
As we have already stated, it was while in, in South America, Darwin
witnessed witch doctor séances,
some suggest that, at that time, devils obtained control of his mind. At any
rate, Charles Darwin was the
man who, almost single-handed, won over the leaders of British science to
the new theory. Yet, all the
while he had those "awful misgivings," the terrors by night and the weeping
over that letter.
Darwin deliberately did what he did, and he was well aware of the
consequences of his actions. The great
masses of men are, trusting the words of others to guide and instruct them.
They believe what they
believe because of what they have been told. But there are others who have
climbed the steeps and have
surveyed knowledge from the mountain tops. When such men twist truth in
order to serve their emotional
desires, they lead many others astray. But they cannot blame another; they
know for themselves the truth
of the matter. Darwin was such a man, and the emotional conflict caused by
his choice filled his life with
misery. In contrast, Huxley and Hooker had no such conflicts, for they were
assured by Darwin that he ad firmly established evolutionary theory as the basis of all future
science. Any doubts that arose were
swept away by the comforting assurance that their leader, Darwin, surely
must have encountered them
earlier and resolved them.
Huxley and Hooker had no psycho-physical problems; but Darwin, the one who,
better than anyone else,
knew the truth of the situation the emptiness of the theory, lived a life
plagued with guilt, compulsions,
terrors, and fear about the future.
Darwin's weakness, nausea, inability to work, depression, insomnia, and
other symptoms were all part of a
complex psychosomatic condition brought on by deep conflicts about his
lifework. Darwin's theorizing
about evolution injured his health because he saw too many conflicts in his
theories, he even experienced
an "identity crisis" as a result of his emotional turmoil. The physical
problems started when Darwin began
his theorizing, and worsened thereafter.
It was this guilt and ambivalence that kept Darwin for years from writing
and publishing his book, until he
did it to keep Wallace from obtaining prior credit for it. His health
problems were the direct result of his
turning from the truth and propagating the lie, his lust for fame and pride
resulted in his physical
suffering, a warning to all who knowing the true way foolishly promote that
which is false, “God is not
mocked”.
Let us with these thoughts in mind return to the main subject and other
influential advocates of the
evolutionary ides, for the ideas of Darwin had and still have far reaching
effects.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), along with men like, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud,
and John Dewey, introduced
evolutionary teachings and morals into social fields of sociology,
psychology, education, economics, etc.
Spencer was another spiritualist, and was the one who was inspired to coin
the term "evolution." He was
also the man who gave Wallace's phrase, "survival of the fittest," to
Darwin. He never did serious
research, but only discussed theories.
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) was an evolutionist who had obtained scientific
degrees, but he promoted
evolution through fraudulent charts and deceitful claims. Along with several
other evolutionists, he
championed killing off "inferior races" of people. Adolf Hitler, who arrived
on the scene much later, was
only carrying out ideas he had read in evolutionists' books. Hitler said
that *Darwin and the others had
greatly affected his thinking.
Asa Gray (1810-1888) was the leading evolutionist in America during Darwin's
time. As botany teacher at
Harvard, he spent his time lecturing and writing. He was the first to
introduce evolution into American
mainline Protestantism. In June 1860, only seven months after the
publication of Darwin's Origin of the
Species, a major debate was held in London called The Oxford Debate.
Evolutionists and creationists
argued vigorously. Although no one apparently won at the time, yet it marked
a major turning point in,
ridicule was used by the evolutionists to gain ground, from that time
onward, science tended to be under
the control of the evolutionists.
Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) was the leading liberal preacher in America
in the 1870s. He urged
evolutionary teachings widely, until it was discovered that he had been
caught in adulterous relations.
This resulted in a court battle by the husband of the woman he had wronged.
Sea Exploration: In 1872 to 1876, the ship, Challenger was commissioned by
the British government to find
evidence of evolution on the ocean floor, the theory being that since there
are millions of fossils in the
sedimentary strata, there ought to be an abundance of fossils at the bottom
of the sea but not one was
found. This is because the fossils were caused by rapid burial and heavy
compaction during the Flood. If
the strata and fossils had been caused by long ages of sedimentation, vast
numbers of fossils should be
at the bottom of the ocean. The truth of this failure was kept from the
public. It was determined that none
of the facts negative to evolution were to be told.
August Weismann (1834-1914). This German biologist cut off 19 generations of
rats' tails, and proved that
Lamarck's notion of "inheritance of acquired characteristics" was false.
This was another setback for
evolution.
THEISTIC EVOLUTION or The Gap Theory, it is important that this be mentioned
at this point. The idea
that a Gap of millions of years exists between Genesis 1:1 and Genesis 1:2
is a false doctrine formulated by
the Brethren Movement, in an attempt to reconcile the theory of a great age
for the earth as propounded
by evolutionary geologists and the biblical record. There is no set dogma
for those who hold to this
theory but those who do often call themselves “theistic evolutionists,” and
claim that evolution was the
method God used to create. They will say that the order of creation given in
Genesis is the same as the
order of evolution as determined by the fossils, therefore the argument goes
on, if we ignore the issue of
time, we can believe in both evolution and Genesis. Sounds good, but this
works only if you don't look
too closely. While there is general agreement, such as fish preceding land
mammals, there is much
disagreement in the details.
For instance, in evolution, fruit trees are among the most recent things to
have evolved, long after the
land was populated with grasses and other plants as well as animals. But in
Genesis 1, fruit trees and other
seed-bearing plants were created at the beginning of Day Three. Animal life
in the oceans wasn't created
until Day Five, with land dwellers created on Day Six. A favourite
evolutionary claim is that land-dwelling
dinosaurs evolved into birds. What does the Bible say? Birds on Day Five and
land animals on Day Six.
Theistic evolution and the gap theory just do not add up.
1900 TO 1950
MUTATIONS: Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) was a Dutch botanist, and one of the
three men, in 1900, who
rediscovered Mendel's law of heredity. It was while working with primroses,
that he thought he had found
a new species! He theorised that it had come into existence as a "mutation."
This was the beginning of the "mutation" craze by evolutionists, as the cause of trans-species changes,
which no evidence ever showed
as occurring. However with the passing of the years, it was found that
mutations are always harmful and
cannot, and do not, produce new species. De Vries, of course, did not know
all that, and he reported his
primrose discovery widely. But, in 1914, Edward Jeffries discovered that de
Vries' primrose was just a
variety of primrose and not a new species.
Trofim Lysenko (1893-1976), an ardent evolutionist of our day, has his name
covered with infamy. Rising
to power in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, he controlled all scientific
research. Only that which agreed
with a Marxist version of Darwinism was acceptable. Any scientist even
hinting at disagreement or
carrying out unapproved research was slain. Hundreds died.
ZOOGENESIS: Austin Clark (1880-1954) another a zealous evolutionist on the
staff of the Smithsonian
Institute, wrote about 600 articles in a number of languages as well as
authoring several books and
became on of the leading spokesman for evolution. Yet having analysed the
facts so thoroughly, he
decided evolution could not possibly produce the widely different species!
So he invented a variant theory, which he named "zoogenesis." In his 1930 book, The New Evolution: Zoogenesis, he theorised
that every major type of plant and animal had earlier separately sprung into
being from dirt, seawater, or
whatever! The impossible miracle of that first change from non-life to a
living creature, according to Clark,
had happened repeatedly, not once, as taught by traditional evolutionists.
SALTATION THEORY: or the hopeful monster theory, Richard Goldschmidt
(1878-1958) was unusual.
Few men have so dedicated their lives to vindicating evolution, as did
Goldschmidt. He spent 25
exhausting years breeding the gypsy moth, trying to induce evolutionary
change. But he found himself
up against a solid wall. Any changes, which occurred, were, within a few
generations, erased either by
extinction or by moving back toward the norm. By 1940, Goldschmidt could
take no more. He published a
paper, which constituted one of the most powerful attacks on evolution ever
produced. And it came from
an expert who had tried in every way to induce cross-species change.
Goldschmidt's theory was that,
once every so many millennia, a new species just sprang into existence,
hopeful monster theory, in
German, "saltated". This was the Saltation Theory. According to this theory,
one day a mother rhinoceros
produced an elephant. Another time, an oak tree produced an acorn, which
grew into a pine tree. Goldschmidt was asking for even bigger miracles than
A.H. Clark had proposed in his "zoogenesis"
theory!
1950 TO THE PRESENT
Julian Huxley (1887-1975) became the leading evolutionary spokesman in the
mid-20th century. He was the
grandson of *Darwin's "bulldog," Thomas Huxley, Julian was elevated to a key
position in the United
Nations, in an effort to make sure it adhered to evolutionary theory. Darwin
and Huxley were a team:
Darwin, frail in health, dreamed up the theories; Huxley, robust and
obnoxious, promoted them
everywhere.
Immanuel Velikovsky was a rebel in the evolutionists' camp. He wrote books
suggesting that moons and
planets had collided in the past, resulting in catastrophes on Planet Earth.
Although untrue, his books
caused people to look more closely around them and see the abundant evidence
that there has been a
catastrophe in early times, the Flood. New children's books began to be
produced. One, entitled "The
Wonderful Egg," told about a mother dinosaur that laid an egg, which hatched
into a baby bird, "the first
baby bird in the whole world." No mention was made of how it found a mate.
Stephen Jay Gould has, for over a decade, been the most outspoken leader of
evolutionary thought. This
very influential Harvard palaeontologist (fossil expert) has adopted
Goldschmidt's hopeful monster theory
and made it his own. He declares that evolution only occurs once every
50,000 years. A fish lays an egg
and a "furry creature" hatches. After that, there will be no more "massive
mutational changes" for another
50,000 years, "punctuated equilibrium" he calls it. So that little animal,
which comes out of the fish egg,
must wait 50,000 years for its mate to be born, before it can reproduce! Yet
the next new species may,
instead, be a redwood tree or a worm.
Of course, it is obvious that, if mutations are never beneficial, but always
weakening, damaging, or lethal,
then Gould's million or billion of them all at one time would accomplish
nothing worthwhile. This is a very
important issue, since Gould has swung many evolutionists in his direction.
They mutually recognise that
normal evolutionary theory cannot accomplish the task.
QUANTUM SPECIATION: Steven Stanley is another leading palaeontologist, who
has accepted the
hopeful monster theory. He named it "quantum speciation," and added a slight
twist in the hope of
correcting one of its faults. But, by so doing, he only made the situation
worse. Stanley adds the point
that, instead of a one in a million positive-mutation creature hatching out
of the egg every 50,000 years,
several hatch out of eggs within a few miles of each other all at the same
time! And each new monster is
the same type of strange new species! This all happens by chance, insuring
that reproduction will occur.
The likelihood of that happening is about the same as you being able to
correctly predict that tomorrow at
noon a rock will fly off the moon and an hour later hit you on the head!
PANSPERMIA: Francis Crick, was a co-discoverer of the DNA structure.
According to Crick, people on
other planets sent a rocket down here with living creatures on it, in order
to populate our planet! His name
for it is "directed Panspermia." This is a variant of the basic "Panspermia"
theory also called "cosmozoia";
the idea being that creatures were alive and well on a rock in the absolute
zero of outer space, with no air
to breath,. Then that meteor flew into our atmosphere, became red-hot,
crashed into the ground, and the
living creatures on it survived, and changed into all our present plants and
animals. When it comes to
desperately trying to find a successful means of evolution, any wild idea
will do, this peculiar theory is as
strange as all the rest.
CONTINUOUS CREATION THEORY which goes right back to the very start of this
study, but is an idea
recently proposed by Prof Fred Hoyle.
Conclusion. Evolution is the teaching that everything came out of nothing.
It also teaches that a lizard
one day laid an egg, which hatched into a bird. Yet such ideas are not true
and do not agree with scientific
facts. Back in earlier centuries, the best European scientists were always
creationists. The facts of nature
clearly showed that God created the worlds, and that He alone made all the
different species of plants and
animals. But, beginning especially in the 19th century, there were atheists
who wanted to gain control of
all work done in science.
Yet there were genuine scientists who did careful research, and they kept
finding new evidence that
evolution could not possibly be true. To this day, no way has been found by
which evolution (the
changing of one true species into another) could occur. In addition, other
researchers have studied the
rock strata in the ground, and found that all the fossils fit into certain
definite species. There are no half-species, showing that one species has changed into another one.
Many scientific discoveries have been made in the 19th and 20th centuries,
which clearly show that
evolution is not true, has never happened, and could never happen. Yet, in
spite of these discoveries,
evolutionists tenaciously hold a lock grip on what is taught.
TRUE MEN OF SCIENCE:
Robert Boyle 1566 was born into a Protestant family. His father was Richard
Boyle, Earl of Cork, who had
left England in 1588 at the age of 22 and gone to Ireland. Robert was
fortunate to have the richest man in
Great Britain for a father although. Robert was sent, to study at Eton
College in 1635. At the age of 12
Boyle was sent, on a European tour, Travelling from Dieppe to Paris, then on
to Lyon before reaching
Geneva. In Geneva Boyle studied, Latin, rhetoric and religion. Perhaps most
importantly of all he began to
study mathematics and soon,. he grew very well acquainted with the most
useful part of arithmetic,
geometry, with its subordinates, the doctrine of the sphere, that of the
globe, and fortification.
Boyle decided to go to Oxford where he could carry out his scientific
experiments, where he, made
important contributions to physics and chemistry and is best known for
Boyle's law. He was a founding
fellow of the Royal Society. He published his results on the physical
properties of air through this
Society. His work in chemistry was aimed at establishing it as a
mathematical science based on a
mechanistic theory of matter.
In 1680 he declined the offer that he serve as President of the Royal
Society. He explained his reasons
were religious in that he could not swear to necessary oaths. Perhaps the
reason it has not been
necessary to mention his strong Christian faith earlier is that to Boyle
there was no conflict with religion
and a mechanistic world:- for him a God who could create a mechanical
universe - who could create matter
in motion, obeying certain laws out of which the universe as we know it
could come into being in an
orderly fashion - was far more to be admired and worshipped than a God who
created a universe without
scientific law.
Johannes Kepler was born in the small town of Weil der Stadt in Swabia and
moved to nearby Leonberg
with his parents in 1576 Throughout his life, Kepler was a profoundly
religious man. All his writings
contain numerous references to God, and he saw his work as a fulfilment of
his Christian duty to
understand the works of God. Man being, as Kepler believed, made in the
image of God, was clearly
capable of understanding the Universe that He had created. Moreover, Kepler
was convinced that God
had made the Universe according to a mathematical plan (a belief found in
the works of Plato and
associated with Pythagoras). Since it was generally accepted at the time
that mathematics provided a
secure method of arriving at truths about the world (Euclid's common notions
and postulates being
regarded as actually true), we have here a strategy for understanding the
Universe. Kepler is now chiefly
remembered for discovering the three laws of planetary motion that bear his
name. He also did important
work in optics discovered two new regular polyhedra giving the first
mathematical treatment of close
packing of equal spheres, this lead to an explanation of the shape of the
cells of a honeycomb.
Isaac Newton 1643 was born in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, near Grantham
in Lincolnshire.
Although by the calendar in use at the time of his birth he was born on
Christmas Day 1642, we give the
date of 4 January 1643 in this biography which is the "corrected" Gregorian
calendar date bringing it into
line with our present calendar His life can be divided into three quite
distinct periods. The first is his
boyhood days from 1643 up to his appointment to a chair in 1669. The second
period from 1669 to 1687
was the highly productive period in which he was Lucasian professor at
Cambridge. The third period
(nearly as long as the other two combined) saw Newton as a highly paid
government official in London
with little further interest in mathematical research.
Newton's greatest achievement was his work in physics and celestial
mechanics, which culminated in the
theory of universal gravitation. By 1666 Newton had early versions of his
three laws of motion. He had
also discovered the law giving the centrifugal force on a body moving
uniformly in a circular path.
However he did not have a correct understanding of the mechanics of circular
motion.
Newton's novel idea of 1666 was to imagine that the Earth's gravity
influenced the Moon, counter-
balancing its centrifugal force. From his law of centrifugal force and
Kepler's third law of planetary motion,
Newton deduced the inverse-square law.
Whenever a position at Oxford or Cambridge became vacant, the king appointed
a Roman Catholic to fill
it. Newton was a staunch Protestant and strongly opposed to what he saw as
an attack on the University
of Cambridge.
Newton decided to leave Cambridge to take up a government position in London
becoming Warden of the
Royal Mint in 1696 and Master in 1699. However, he did not resign his
positions at Cambridge until 1701.
As Master of the Mint, adding the income from his estates, we see that
Newton became a very rich man.
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), This eighteenth century Swedish professor,
physician and naturalist
developed the binomial system for naming species of organisms. He, spent his
lifetime in study and
classification of plants and animals, many were named by him. Through the
immense amount of data he
gathering he clearly saw that it all pointed to separate, distinct species,
specie that had to have been
created by God.
Sir William Herschel, 1738-1822, originally Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel, b.
Germany, discovered (1781) the
planet Uranus, which led (1782) to his position as private astronomer to the
king. The large reflecting
telescopes that he constructed, including one with a 40-ft (12.2-m) focal
length, far surpassed in size those
of his contemporaries.
He concluded from the motion of double stars that they are held together by
gravitation and that they
revolve around a common centre, thus confirming the universal nature of
Isaac Newton’s theory of
gravitation. He discovered the Saturnian satellites Mimas and Enceladus
(1789) and the Uranian satellites
Titania and Oberon (1787).
William Paley (1743-1805) was an outstanding thinker of the 18th century
who, in his classic book, Natural
Theology, detailed many reasons why only God could have made the universe
and everything in our
world. What he taught was called "the argument by design"; that is, the very
structure of the plants and
animals, their marvellous adaptation to life, and the intelligent planning
which produced them, clearly
pointed to God as the Creator and Life giver.
Baron Cuvier (1769-1832, a French Protestant and a naturalist. He was also
Director of a leading Paris
museum, and became the world's leading expert at identifying fossils from a
single bone. As a result of
years of careful research and analysis, he concluded that species did not
change into one another.
Samuel Finley Breese Morse 1791-1872) Developed the first real telegraph in
the U.S., and invented the
Morse code. Morse also became one of the first well-known portrait painters.
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was one of the key figures of a great era of
British history. Born as the
industrial revolution was getting into its swing, by the time Babbage died
Britain was by far the most
industrialized country the world had ever seen. Babbage played a crucial
role in the scientific and
technical development of the period. He went up to Cambridge in 1810 and
with some friends effected the
crucial introduction of the Leibnitz notation for the calculus, which
transformed mathematics in Cambridge
and thus throughout Britain.
Babbage's greatest achievement was his detailed plans for Calculating
Engines, both the table-making
Difference Engines and the far more ambitious Analytical Engines, which were
flexible and powerful,
punched-card controlled general purpose calculaters, embodying many features
which later reappeared in
the modern stored program computer. These features included: punched card
control; separate store and
mill; a set of internal registers (the table axes); fast multiplier/divider;
a range of peripherals; even array
processing.
Besides the Calculating Engines Babbage has an extraordinary range of
achievements to his credit: he
wrote a consumer guide to life assurance; pioneered lighthouse signalling;
scattered technical ideas and
inventions in magnificent profusion; developed mathematical code breaking it
has been suggested that
Babbage could have ran a private Bletchley Park for the British government
in the middle of the 19th
century).
Louis Agassiz, b. May 28, 1800 d. Dec. 14, 1873, 7, The son of the
Protestant pastor of Motier. In boyhood
he attended the gymnasium in Bienne and later the academy at Lausanne. He
entered the universities of
Zürich, Heidelberg, and Munich and took at Erlangen he earned the degree of
doctor of philosophy and at
Munich that of doctor of medicine. He was a naturalist, geologist, and
teacher and made revolutionary
contributions to the study of natural science with landmark work on glacier
activity and extinct fishes. He
achieved lasting fame through his innovative teaching methods, which altered
the character of natural
science education in the United States Cambridge, Mass., U.S,.
Michael Faraday, the son of a blacksmith, was born in London in 1791. He was
apprenticed to a
bookbinder and this contact with books gave him a love of reading Faraday's
greatest contribution to
science was in the field of electricity. In 1821 he began experimenting with
electromagnetism and by
demonstrating the conversion of electrical energy into motive force,
invented the electric motor. In 1831
Faraday discovered the induction of electric currents and made the first
dynamo. In 1837 he demonstrated
that electrostatic force consists of a field of curved lines of force, and
conceived a specific inductive
capacity. This led to Faraday being able to develop his theories on light
and gravitational systems.
The government recognised his contribution to science by granting him a
pension and giving him a house
in Hampton Court. However, Faraday was unwilling to use his scientific
knowledge to help military action
and in 1853 refused to help develop poison gases to be used in the Crimean
War. Michael Faraday died in
1867.
James Joule (1818 - 1889) James Prescott Joule was born into a wealthy
Manchester brewing family. He
initially was educated at home, before being tutored, at the age of sixteen,
by the eminent Manchester
scientist John Dalton. Joule soon began to conduct independent research at a
laboratory built in the cellar
of his father's home. By the 1840's, scientists had realized that heat,
electricity, magnetism, chemical
change and the energy of motion were all inter convertible. Joule was
extremely involved with this work,
and between 1837 and 1847, he established the principle of conservation of
energy, and the equivalence
of heat and other forms of energy. By 1840 he had established Joule's Law.
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was a creationist who lived and worked in Eastern
Europe. He was a science
and maths teacher. After listening about the confusing speculations of
Darwin and his associates, we
should be encouraged as we turn to a man who did actual scientific research.
From his studies with
garden peas, he developed several concepts of genetics. He reported on his
findings in 1865, but his
discoveries were totally ignored. The novelties of Darwin's ideas were the
talk of the public press. But, in
1900, scientists found Mendel's writings, and his experiments were
recognised as the foundation of
modern genetics. His discoveries effectively destroyed the basis for species
evolution, for the truths he
formulated reveal that plants and animals only produce young in accordance
with traits inherited from
parents in the same species.
Joseph Lister (1827-1912) Lister was a shy, unassuming man and deeply
religious. He joined the Scottish
Episcopal Church as a young man. He was firm in his purpose, humbly
believing himself to be directed by
God. After an early education at various Quaker schools he entered
University College, London. After
studying the arts he graduated and decided to take up medicine at the same.
College. He enrolled in the
faculty of medical science in October 1848. He was a brilliant student and
graduated a bachelor of
medicine with honours in 1852. In 1883 he was created a baronet and made
Baron Lister of Lyme Regis in
1897. He was also appointed one of the 12 original members of the Order of
Merit in 1902.
Alexander Fleming 1881 – 1955 was born in a remote, rural part of Scotland.
Flemings uncle died and left
them each 250 pounds. Tom's medical practice was now thriving and he
encouraged Alec to put his
legacy toward the study of medicine. Fleming took top scores in the
qualifying examinations, and had his
choice of medical schools. He lived equally close to three different
schools, and knowing little about them,
chose St. Mary's in the 1920s, Fleming searched for an effective antiseptic.
In recognition for his
contribution, Alexander Fleming was knighted in 1944. With Chain and Florey
he was awarded the Nobel
Prize in 1945.
Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895) He was a research chemist who made major
contributions in chemistry,
medicine, and industry. He developed the process of sterilisation by boiling
a liquid to destroy germs is
still used today; most dairy products are pasteurised. Pasteur went on to
discover vaccinations for
chicken pox, cholera, diphtheria, anthrax and rabies. At a time when
evolution was gaining control of the
scientific community, Pasteur fought it vigorously, declaring that God made
everything.
James Clerk Maxwell was born at 14 India Street in Edinburgh, at the age of
eight his mother died. His
parents plan that they would educate him at home until he was 13 years old,
and that he would then be
able to go the Edinburgh University, fell through.
In early 1846 at the age of 14, Maxwell wrote a paper on ovals. At the age
of 16, in November 1847,
Maxwell entered the second Mathematics class taught by Kelland, the natural
philosophy (physics) class
taught by Forbes and the logic class taught by William Hamiltone .
Maxwell went to Peterhouse Cambridge in October 1850 but moved to Trinity
where he gained a
fellowship Maxwell and graduated with a degree in mathematics in 1854. One
of Maxwell's most important
achievements was his extension and mathematical formulation of Michael
Faraday's theories of electricity
and magnetic lines of force.
When the Chair of Natural Philosophy at Edinburgh became vacant in 1859,
Forbes having moved to St
Andrews, it seemed that fate had smiled on Maxwell to bring him back to his
home town. In 1860 Maxwell
was appointed to the vacant chair of Natural Philosophy at King's College in
London. The six years that
Maxwell spent in this post were the years when he did his most important
experimental work.
William Thomson Kelvin 1824 - 1907 (later Lord Kelvin) was arguably the most
famous member of the
department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Glasgow. He entered
the University, aged 10,
and had his first papers published at the ages of 16 and 17. In 1841 he
entered the university of
Cambridge, graduating with a B.A honours degree four years later. Kelvin
then went on to Paris to carry
out work in a laboratory in order to gain practical experience and
competence in experimental work.
At the age of only 22 Kelvin was elected to professor of physics (the 'chair
of natural philosophy') Kelvin
first defined the absolute temperature scale in 1847, which was later named
after him. In 1851 he published
the paper, "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", and in the same year was
elected to the Royal Society.
This work contained his ideas and version of the second law of
thermodynamics as well as recognition of
James Joule's idea of the mechanical equivalent of heat.
He became an opponent of Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin knew from
calculations of geologists,
which were based on the rate of sedimentation, and the thickness of
sedimentary rocks, that the earth had
to be hundreds of millions of years old and that life could have evolved
slowly to adapt to its environment
over this time. Kelvin did not accept Darwin's theory because he claimed
that the temperature of the sun
and earth approximately a million years ago would have been too great to
have supported life.
Kelvin was Knighted in 1866 by Queen Victoria for his work. In 1890 he
became the president of the Royal
Society and held that position until 1895. He was created Baron Kelvin of
Largs in 1892 and in 1902
received the Order of Merit.
It was these brilliant men who accomplished worthwhile scientific
achievements the fathers of modern
science and by that I mean true science.
Compiled P J Gadsden
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